Rhodium Group’s Energy & Climate practice analyzes the effects of policy and market developments on greenhouse gas emissions and energy systems, and provides actionable information about the impacts of climate change. We help public and private decision-makers understand what kind of climate and energy future we are on track for, and what matters most for reducing greenhouse gas emissions—at the state, national, and international levels.
By combining policy expertise with a suite of detailed energy-economic models, our research provides unique, data-driven insights into the impacts of energy and climate change policy and real-world developments on greenhouse gas emissions, energy markets, economic output, and clean technology pathways.
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This note is the fourth in a series of briefings comparing clean technology deployment and manufacturing trends in Europe and the United States as part of a collaboration between Bruegel and Rhodium Group.
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We detail changes to the final bill, representing effective repeal of the most impactful energy tax credits.
Report
In the first quarter of 2025, clean energy and transportation investment in the United States totaled $67.3 billion, a 6.9% increase from the same period in 2024 but a 3.8% decrease from the previous quarter.
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The House Ways and Means Committee's proposed language will raise energy costs for American households by as much as 7% in 2035, stifle energy technology innovation, increase pollution, and could put significant investment at risk.
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Since the US enacted the IRA, manufacturing has emerged as the fastest-growing segment of investment in clean energy technologies. We assess the state of key clean technology supply chains for solar, wind, batteries, and electric vehicles.
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Using our newly developed Federal Investments in Energy Innovation database, we can, for the first time, observe what US public funding for research, development, demonstration, and deployment looks like by technology and stage.
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We estimate how much energy costs could rise for households and industry if Congress chooses to roll back and repeal key pollution regulations and energy tax credits.
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Next-generation geothermal energy has a number of advantages in meeting growing electricity demand from data centers. We estimate how much of this demand could potentially be served by geothermal over the next decade.
Trustworthy, integrative data is at the core of Rhodium’s research and services. Our team uses a suite of custom-built datasets and energy-economic models to analyze the effects of policy and market developments on energy systems and greenhouse gas emissions at the international, US, and state levels.
The ClimateDeck—a partnership of Rhodium Group and Breakthrough Energy—provides global and US 50-state greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory data and projections, energy market outlooks, and analysis of energy and climate policy developments.
The Clean Investment Monitor, a joint project with MIT’s Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, tracks public and private investments in the full landscape of climate technologies in the United States.
The Climate Impact Lab combines climate science, econometrics, and big data analytics to advance understanding of the real-world social impacts and economic costs of climate change.
Europe refers to EU27, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Sales-weighted average across all car types (including SUVs). Calculated using data from EV Volumes.
FY22 and FY23 budget numbers include Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021 appropriations for energy RD&D.
The IIJA included roughly $88 billion in funding for clean energy, transportation, and fuel and charging infrastructure. The latest Congressional Budget Office estimates suggest that spending from the IRA clean energy provisions has increased to nearly $666 billion.
We do not include the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 because the bill itself does not directly provide funding for developing and deploying clean energy technologies.
Credit subsidy costs are effectively the cost of the loan or loan guarantee to the federal government. We estimate the credit subsidy cost for each project based on the procedures prescribed by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 for energy programs.
EDF’s Climate Innovation Funding Tracker is the only database of the three mentioned that captures federal spending on climate innovation across multiple federal agencies. However, a significant amount of congressional funding that is being tracked in their database beyond DOE is not related to clean energy technology innovation. We find alignment between our estimates and theirs as it relates only to congressional appropriations to DOE in support of clean energy technologies.
Using Stanford temperature-at-depth data yields directionally similar results. In the 20% green premium baseline, we find 56-62% the national deployment we report for the Project InnerSpace temperature-at-depth maps. At a 50% green premium, this increases to 76-89% of capacity reported above. Regionally, 13 of 15 top markets for deployment are the same between the two cases.
